Training Session on SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM (SLD)

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OBJECTIVES:
• Understand SLD as the backbone of primary design.
• Develop SLD from scratch based on project requirements.
• Incorporate protection, metering, and switching devices.
• Identify critical elements like busbars, transformers, breakers, CTs, and VTs.

KEY TOPICS:
• Symbols and nomenclature (IEC 60617 / ANSI).
• Busbar arrangements (single, double, sectionalized,ring, breaker-and-a-half).
• Inclusion of CTs, VTs, circuit breakers, disconnectors,and earth switches.
• Load flow and fault level annotation.
• Voltage levels and transformer vector groups.

PRACTICAL FOCUS:
• Develop SLD for a 132/33kV substation with double busbar.
• Exercise: Identify missing elements in an existing SLD.
• Case study: Incorrect SLD leading to protection miscoordination.

SUGGESTED DIAGRAMS:
• Typical substation SLD (GIS/AIS).
• Comparison of busbar configurations.
• SLD with CT/VT locations marked.
KEY TAKEAWAYS:
• Ability to draft and review SLDs independently.
• Understanding of primary equipment representation.

STANDARDS & REFERENCES:
• IEC 60617, IEEE C37.2.
• SSEN / NG / client-specific standards.

CERTIFICATION & DELIVERY:
• Certificate of Completion awarded.
• Delivery Mode: Online (On-demand).
• Corporate and customized training available on request.

PREREQUISITES:
• Basic knowledge of substation equipment (transformers, breakers, busbars).